To achieve various tests envisaged in administrative competitions, it is necessary not only to have knowledge, but also to be able to use them.

When a subject is given, it is necessary to include it first of all, and then to unite the elements of knowledge which are linked to it. Most often, it takes place in some riot and by association of ideas.

While trying to order it to answer put down question will be clear plan.

A plan must be dominated by a principle of order, a general idea which gives some unit to the presentation of subject. The basics of plan are the principle of unit which dominates and orders cutting up. The plan in two parts is the most convenient, because it is always easier to discover in a subject a binary division, dominated by a general idea.

There is not miracle recipe to draw up plan; this one can take various forms since he will be composed according to given subject, had knowledge, ideas which are going to be introduced. You should be never necessary forget that plan depends on materials which are united, as wrote it Benjamin Constant in his diary: It is only when they know its materials which it is possible to see how it is necessary to dispose them .

If various types of plan can be used, the structure of a plan is quasi always the same.

I) Types of plan

Those who are most fluently practiced are analytical plan, dialectical plan, chronological plan.

A) Analytical plan

This plan is founded on an analysis of subject (for example to that of a notion or of a situation) breaking this one down there some elements. To take back the expression of Descartes, it is, to divide difficulty as plots that he is requested to solve the best . Every element, every plot constitutes a part of plan, there are also some analytical plans types:

- composition / competences

- principles / exceptions

- nature / regime

- conditions / effects

- characters / consequences

- material aspect / organic aspect.

These plans introduce disadvantage rather often to be descriptive. It is therefore necessary to link parts strongly by showing how they articulate between them. If given subject is " the de facto way " and that is kept the plan characters / consequences, it will be necessary to show how consequences follow from the character of the de facto way: the de facto way, serious irregularity made by the administration that can achieve basic rights, calls a sanction which, seen the gravity of irregularity and carried attack, is inflicted by the judicial courts.

If these plans are master keys, it is necessary to search expressions which will allow to go out of the banality of which subject can make think. It is necessary to find what is characteristic of subject.
For that called The Senate of the 5th Republic , if discreet plan is classic composition / competences, it would be necessary, having in introduction sketched why of a second room and the evolution of this one in the French institutions, having to enunciate the plan which, in a first part, could be: The Senate assures the representation of regions with a measure of autonomy, what explains the mode of designation of the senators, and a second part: The Senate is inserted as part of a bicameralism not enjoying equal rights where would be recalled its role restrained in the legislative governing and its power of the most limiting in control.

B) Dialectical plan

He introduces the triptych: thesis, antithesis, synthesis and is not much used. So, if subject was: Is the control exercised by the administrative judge efficient?

• Thesis: yes, the control of legality (linked competence) with putting into play of responsibility.
• Antithesis: no, a part of the activity of the administration avoids the control of the judge (acts of government, discretionary power).
• Synthesis: it is necessary to reconcile general interest and right of the constituents, to limit arbitrary power at the farthest, to develop the means of the judge (obvious error of evaluation), impose the execution of judgements, but clamp down on the kings of the chicane .

Most given subjects do not take part in dialectical plan, what avoids taking positions possibly or passing personal judgments.

C) Chronological plan

Except express will pointed out with neatness in the title of subject, it is necessary to avoid historical plans. For a subject which would be The Second Chamber in France from 1875 to our days , plan cannot be:

• The Senate of the IV^th Republic
• The advice of the Republic of th^e IV^{th century}
• The Senate of the 5th Republic.

It does not forbid when subject introduces a historical pattern interesting to give main lines in introduction and to take back historical cleavage inside subject:

• the composition of Chambers is quasi identical: Th^e III^{th, IVth century}, V^e
• but their attribution was very varied: Th^e III^{th, IVth century}, V^e.

Chronological plan can be used in a perspective which is not historical in the habitual sense of word, but that allows to follow and to describe an operation which takes place in time.

For a called subject: The privileges of the administration in jurisdictional material , according to the instant when they are situated, privileges will be able to be studied:

• when the administration is named in justice,
• when the administration is in front of the judge,
• when the administration is condemned by the judge.
  

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